GSW: 1999 MEETING MINUTES

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1310th Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday, January13, 1999, Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:02 P.M. The minutes of the 1309th meeting were accepted as read. The president acknowledged the presence of  Elizabeth King at the meeting and noted that she had co-authored a paper presented to the Geological Society of Washington 50 years ago, at the 671st meeting of the Society held on the second Wednesday in January, 1949. The paper was similar to one on satellite reconnaissance presented at this 1310th  meeting in that it concerned the interpretation of geologic phenomena from observations taken from above the earth (aeromagnetic data).

     Two informal communications were presented. The first, by Beven M. French announced the recent publication, by the Lunar and Planetary Institute of a book entitled “Traces of Catastrophe: A Handbook of Shock-metamorphic Effects in Terrestrial Meteorite Impact Structures”, by Beven M. French. Many of the publication’s virtues were enumerated, including the extremely low cost per page index for the volume: the 120 page handbook is essentially free, available for only the cost of shipping and handling.

     Rick Wunderman’s informal communication described a recent submarine volcanic eruption that occurred  approximately 10 km west-northwest of the island of  Terceira in the Azores Archipelago. The first indication of this eruption was a swarm of microseisms on November 25, 1998.  Visual confirmation waited until January, 1999 because of intermittence of activity and weather conditions. Aerial observations and photos showed abundant pumice steaming on the ocean surface.

     The first formal paper of the evening, by Walter H. F. Smith, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, was entitled “Ocean floor reconnaissance from satellite altimetry”.

     The topography of the ocean floor, as mapped by echosounders on ships, is poorly known, with gaps in data as large as the State of Oklahoma, which causes Texans no concern whatsoever.

The topography of the ocean floors can be indirectly inferred using Geosat and ERS-1 satellite radar altimetry measurements of the topography of the ocean surface. Mountains and valleys on the ocean floor add and subtract minute amounts of gravity to the Earth’s gravity field, causing the ocean surface to bulge outward and inward over these features.

     This method works best at length scales between 10 and a few hundred kilometers. Many uncharted features have been discovered from the 1600 km long Foundation Seamounts in the South Pacific to shallow banks, the latter being the habitat of large numbers of fish, making this technique the most expensive fish finder yet conceived.

     Questions by, James F. Allan (2), Gene Robertson, and Pete Stifel; the latter involving the proffering of a libation to the speaker, the gravity of which was not made completely clear.

     Ellis Yochelson, Smithsonian Institution, presented “Charles Doolittle Walcott: U.S.G.S. Employee No. 20, 1879-1894.

     Walcott, although without formal scientific training had, at the age of 29, a reputation such that he was hired in 1879 as one of the original members of the United States Geological Survey, as Employee No. 20. (Not many of the original group are still around, and those that are would necessarily be in an emeritus status, such as Phil Bethke). His first year on the job was as a temporary geological assistant at $50 per month.  Within a year his salary doubled to $100 per month and he was given a permanent position. (Clearly demonstrating that upward mobility at the USGS was much easier 120 years ago than at the present).

     Walcott worked in the Eureka District of Nevada; the Colorado Plateau, including a winter in the Grand Canyon, and in the Taconics in New York.  In 15 years he wrote a major monograph on Paleozoic fossils of the east, resolved the fundamental stratigraphic problems of the position of the “Taconic System”, confirmed the sequence of trilobite zones in the Cambrian,  summarized the Cambrian System of North America, got married and had the temerity to take his wife on a geological honeymoon to study Cambrian fossils in Newfoundland.

     Yochelson’s narrative ended as of 1894 when Wolcott succeeded John Wesley Powell and became the third director of the USGS. In addition to directing the USGS from 1894 until 1907 and then the Smithsonian Institution, Wolcott continued to do real geology, including the studies of the Burgess Shale.

     A volume entitled “Charles Doolitle Walcott, Paleontologist”, by Ellis Leon Yochelson, published in mid 1998,  is still in print.  The 584 page volume has a cost of only 8.4 cents per page and is currently maintaining sales rank of 375,345 at a well known on-line bookseller that just reported a loss of approximately $45 million for the past year.

     Questions from Bill Oliver and Tom Simkin.

     Attendance was 74. President Shirey adjourned the meeting at 9:42 P.M.

     Respectfully submitted,

     Meeting Secretary,

     Hal Gluskoter

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1311th Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday, January 27, 1999, Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:01 P.M. The minutes of the 1310th meeting, following a minor disputation with Tom Dutro, were accepted as read. The president announced two new members, James F. Allan, who was in attendance, and Jie Li.

     Bill Burton, Field Trip Chair, announced plans for two GSW field trips, one on May 1, 1999 to a quarry in Caroline County Virginia and the second in the fall to Old Rag. He promised that they would both be most worthwhile.

     Sorena Sorensen, suffering obvious withdrawal from recently stepping down as GSW president, seized the day and substituted for Paul Kimberley in announcing the need for volunteers to judge local science fairs.

     Carol O’Donnell of the National Science Resources Center (NSRC) presented the first talk of the evening “Science and technology concepts for middle schools: an inquiry-centered approach to science education” The NSRC is operated by the National Academies of Sciences, and of Engineering, the Institute of Medicine, and the Smithsonian Institution to improve the teaching of science in the nation’s schools.

     The NSRC is currently developing a new program, Science and Technology Concepts for Middle Schools, which will include eight instructional units for the seventh and eighth grade.  A unit, currently under development,  with a great amount of earth science content,  is “Catastrophic Events” wherein hands-on experiences are incorporated early in the learning cycle. Future modules will include another earth science module “The Earth in Space”. Ms O’Donnell announced that, in the very near future, Ian MacGregor, of the National Science Foundation would be joining her curriculum development team, causing a stampede of NSF Division Director wanttobes rushing to update their resumes.

     Questions by: Jane Hammarstrom, Suzanne Weedman, Tina Gallup, Sorena Sorensen, Moto Sato, Dave Haffner, President Shirey (two), Mack Ross, David Wunch, and Blair Jones, for a total of 11!

     The second talk of the evening by John Slack, of the USGS, discussed “ Coarse garnet schists at the Elizabeth Mine, Vermont: Metamorphosed seafloor-hydrothermal alteration zones not synmetamorphic fluid flow paths”: a fairly long title, but one that also effectively summarizes the entire presentation.

     The origin of distinctive coarse garnet schists in the vicinity of the Stafford dome, VT has been the focus of controversy.  Stratabound morphology, textural relations, and spatial associations with volcanogenic sulfide deposits suggest coarse garnet schist protolith formation by pervasive fluid flow during seafloor hydrothermal activity. In Slack’s model, the bulk composition of the coarse garnet schist reflects pre-Acadian seafloor metasomatism and not later Nappe-stage fluid flow.

     Questions by Dallas Peck, Sorena Sorensen, Bill Burton, Jamie Allan, Blair Jones, Gene Robertson, and Steve Huebner.

     The final paper of the evening, presented by Mary Bourke, Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, was titled  “Australian desert floods during the late Pleistocene and Holocene”.   Flood deposits can serve as a proxy for extreme rainfall events. In arid central Australia the application of optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon techniques to flood deposits in unconfined paleoflood channels, has extended the flood record to 27,000 years BP. The results suggest that the region has been impacted by flood episodes which may be attributed to long term, global-scale climatic cycles not apparent in short term flood records.

     Questions by Bill Burton, who inquired if Dr. Bourke could tell him more about the application of this study to Mars and received the shortest , and , probably, one of the more accurate responses heard in the auditorium: which was “NO!”, also by Dan Milton, Dallas Peck, Tina Gallup (2), and one question by Joe Smoot, followed in rapid succession by six additional follow-up questions from Joe, also by Dave Haffner, Blair Jones (2), and Gene Robertson.

     Summing  the number of questions posed to the speakers during the evening is somewhat ambiguous, with multiple parts to queries and rapid-fire follow ups. However, the nearly three dozen questions put to the speakers seems a large number and suggests something; I considered loss of inhibition through libation, but ruled that out because an organization can not lose something that has never existed.         

     Attendance was 68. President Shirey adjourned the meeting at 9:50 P.M.

     Respectfully submitted,

     Meeting Secretary,

     Hal Gluskoter

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1312th Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday, February 10, 1999, Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:00 P.M. The minutes of the 1311th meeting were accepted as read. The president announced three new members, Dorothy Stout (NSF), Blessing Etim Asuquo (Univ. MD) and Joseph P. Smoot (USGS), who was present, not only because he was anxiously anticipating the intellectual stimulation from the talks of the evening, but also because he was presenting one of them.

     President Shirey announced that GSW member Terry Offield had passed away on February 5 and a moment of silence was observed.

     A suggestion was made that it would be most appropriate to invite science teachers to participate in the May 1, 1999 GSW field trip to a quarry in Caroline County, Virginia, wherein vertebrate fossils are to be found. The suggestion seemed to originate with E-an Zen, but was conveyed by Judy Ehlen, apparently because of the reluctance of Dr Zen to speak up in so public a forum.,

     Paul B. Tomascak, most recently at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, presented the first talk of the evening. “Bringing lithium into the isotopic mainstream with multi-collector ICP-MS”.  Thanks to the development and availability of VG Plasma 54-30 multi-collector magnetic sector ICP-MS it is possible to add lithium isotope geochemistry to the geochemists’ toolbox. The technique has been applied to a variety of materials ranging from groundwater to mantle derived materials. Although the amount of data on lithium isotopic variation is limited, (and the field is immature to the extent that some recent publications report delta 6Li and others delta 7Li, thereby reversing the polarity of heavy and light), there have been several analyses on mantle derived materials.  Data from Hawaii indicate that Li isotope fractionation did not take place during high temperature liquid-crystal fractionation.

     Questions by Jay Kaufman, John Slack, President Shirey (2), John Slack -again, and an especially difficult one from his former colleague, Rich Ash.

     Allan Kolker, USGS, gave the second paper, “Arsenic in southeastern Michigan ground water and other environmental problems associated with arsenic-rich pyrite.” Numerous domestic wells in southeastern Michigan exceed the arsenic drinking water standard of 50 μg/L. The majority of these wells are completed in the Marshall Sandstone, which is locally cemented with As-bearing pyrite. The As is stable at depth in the wells, with As in water increasing upwards, suggesting oxidation of the pyrite at the higher levels. Alternatively, the oxidation of the sulfides and release of the arsenic may be taking place in the surficial glacial deposits and thereby impacting the water quality.

     Questions by Jay Kaufman, Rich Ash, Will Logan, Cy Galvin, Blair Jones, Margaret Chauncey, Gene Robertson, Moto Sato, John Slack and Natalie Marchildon.

     The final paper of the evening, “Sedimentary record of the 1872 earthquake and “tsunami”, Owens lake, California”, was presented by Joe Smoot.  In 1872, an eyewitness reported a large wave on the surface of Owens Lake immediately following a magnitude 7.5 - 7.7 earthquake. Physical evidence for this “tsunami”, including soft-sediment deformation and faults, truncated by a graded pebbly sand, have been found in cores and trenches.  Further confirmation of the timing of the event is from lead in the sediments that can be correlated with lead smelting in the region from 1869-1876.  Joe has investigated and interpreted a phenomenon that can not and will not be reproduced, because Owens Lake is no more. This is almost as satisfying to a geologist as mapping an area just before the dam goes in and all your work is submerged and rendered unassailable.

     Questions by Brooks Hanson, Cy Galvin, Margaret Chauncey (3), Dan Milton, Pete Stifel, and Margaret Johnson.

     Some time ago Joe Smoot had, as an assignment for a course at the University of Maryland,  written a paper on the fossils from the lower Trenton Pendelton Group, West Virginia. Pete Stifel took this opportunity to return it to him, 29 years later, and because of the delay in getting around to grading it, allowed for interest and inflation and escalated the grad to an A-.

     Attendance was 68. President Shirey adjourned the meeting at 9:38 P.M.

     Respectfully submitted,

     Meeting Secretary,

     Hal Gluskoter

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1313th Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday, February 24, 1999, Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:05 P.M. The minutes of the 1312th meeting were accepted as corrected. Five guests were introduced. The first four, Peter, Frank, Erin, and Kevin each had a family name quickly mumbled by their respective host.  The Secretary earnestly requests that, when introducing guests, hosts enunciate clearly and project their voices. The fifth guest was the spouse of our first speaker of the evening and who, for the lack of further information, is herein referred to as Ms. McLaughlin.

     Pail Kimberley announced that the acquisition of judges for the Spring round of Science Fairs was going well, but that there were still some slots to be filled and he asked for volunteers.

     Keith L. McLaughlin, Center for Monitoring Research, presented the first discussion of the evening: “Comprehensive test ban treaty international monitoring system location calibration: Can we meet the 1000 square kilometer requirements?”

     The Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty states: “ The area of an on-site inspection shall be continuous and its size shall not exceed 1000 square kilometers”; therefore the goal of the International Monitoring System (IMS) is to locate continental seismic events with an accuracy of 1000 square kilometers. Several methods have been used for location calibration, most recently involving purported natural seismic events of  3.5 - 4.0 magnitude in southern Nevada (in the vicinity of AREA 51!!). The 1000 square km location accuracy is a very ambitious goal for the IMS network but “doable” with calibration.

     Questions by Jamie Allan, David Applegate, Dave Stewart (2), Frank Vernon, Ian Zen (3), Fred Simon, Steve Shirey, and Craig Schiffries.

     The second paper was “Rhenium-Osmium fractionation in eclogites and the implications for recycling of MORB”, and was presented by Harry Becker, University of Maryland.  The decay of 187Rhenium to 187Osmium provides an important tracer to constrain crust-mantle recycling processes.  Re/Os ratios in mid-ocean -ridge-basalts (MORB) are a factor of 200-1000 higher than in the mantle. Recycling of subducted ocean crust has been proposed to explain the high osmium isotopic compositions in some ocean island basalts. Using eclogites and blueschists as proxies for subducted ocean basalts, it is suggested that Re may be variably lost during dehydration.

     Questions by President Shirey and Jamie Allan quickly evolved into a spirited three-way discussion, the speaker being the third participant.  They seemed to be enjoining themselves and the consensus comment picked up by the, always alert Secretary was “Rhenium is different from osmium”. One additional question was from Al Brandon.

     The final talk of the evening was by Yoseph Yechieli, Geological Survey of Israel, and was entitled “ Will the Dead Sea die? The geohydrologic outlook”

     The level of the Dead Sea (the lowest surface on Earth) is currently declining at a rate of 0.8 m/yr, and has dropped about 20 m since the beginning of the twentieth century, 9 meters in the last 30 years; its elevation currently is approximately -410 m. A numerical model, developed to determine the water balance, accounts for the increase in salinity and the concomitant decrease in the rate of evaporation that accompanies reduction in the activity of the water. Simulations based on ranges of water withdrawal suggest that the Dead Sea will not "die"; rather, a new equilibrium is likely to be reached in about 400 years, at which time the density of the water will be 1.36, the surface area will be decreased and the water-level will drop an additional 100 to 150 m.

     Questions by Dan Milton, Richard Walker, Moto Sato, and Cy Galvin,

     Attendance was 60. President Shirey adjourned the meeting at 9:46 P.M.

     Respectfully submitted,

     Meeting Secretary,

     Hal Gluskoter

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1314th meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday, March 10, 1999, Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:05 PM. The minutes were accepted as read by the back-up meeting secretary. Guests Chris Shuman and Lisa Oxboel were introduced. Steve's off the cuff manner was blamed on his children who rightly demanded that his first priority that day was to go sledding. Go Kids, get the old guy out of the office. 

     The first presentation was by Priscilla Nelson of the National Science Foundation speaking on "Digging rocks", by which she meant how engineers dig rocks and why engineers and geologists should be help each other, RIGHT.  Modern tunnels rely on tunnel boring machines, and the success of tunneling is strongly dependent on rock stability and cutter head performance. Both of these issues are closely tied to understanding the geology of the interval being penetrated. The "stand-up-time", ie how long till the tunnel collapses without support, is critical in tunnel safety and how fast machines can advance before tunnel linings, rock-bolting or other processes have to be implemented. Ultimately the utilization rate (tunneling time) of tunnel boring machines is only about 35-40% because of stand-up time limitations. In addition, there are no fundamental models for indentation mechanics of cutter heads which would allow optimization of machine cutter geometries and processes. There are many opportunities for geosciences to make essential contributions to engineering, although we will be insulted and spurned as we do, especially if we're successful, since they knew it all along. Questions by Kingston, Frizzel, McLaughlin, Stifel, Roseboom, Robertson, Shirey, Mumble and Galvin.

     The second presentation was by Dave Wunsch, AAAS and AGI Congressional Science Fellow on the subject of Hydrochemical facies model for dissected, coal-bearing strata in the Appalachian Coal Field. Dave is clearly a scientist gone wonk. Near-surface coal-bearing strata have characteristic ground water flow regimes because of channeling by the coal into high permeability zones. New geochemical sampling over limited stratigraphic intervals in coal fields provides much higher resolution data on water chemistry. Interactions between the groundwater and the coal interval during varying residence times results in a really varying geochemical reaction products which are called hydrochemical facies. These facies reflect the chemical evolution of the system during weathering. Questions by Hansen, Woodward and Shirey. 

     The third presentation was by William Minarik of the Geophysical Laboratory and University of Maryland on "Jadeite radiolarians from the Franciscan, CA:  high (highest?) pressure fossils from a metasomatic high-strain melange".  This talk will be best remembered for the surfing T-rex that is begging to be made into a new GSW T-rex Shirt. The conundrums faced in this project were how to explain microscopic ring-shaped quartz structures within the Franciscan Formation without appealing to Martian Microbes (note this study was not funded by NASA), and how to defend oneself from the audience members who had worked in exactly the same area during the Paleocene. The ring structures are surrounded by jadeite needles both within and without, but have maintained their shape during metasomatism, albitization, deformation and uplift. It was proposed that local radiolarian-bearing Franciscan formation was extensively metasomatized, but by a fluid which had both wetting and non-wetting behavior with respect to the mineral surfaces in the protolith. The surface on the interior of the radiolarians may have permitted the high-pressure clinopyroxene to have crystallized first, sealing off some fluid pathways and preserving the shape through later deformation and further mineral growth. Questions including extensive preambles and alternative theories were presented by Gene Robertson I and Gene Robertson II, and Steve Mumble I,II,... N+1. Again the last talk provoked the most discussion.

     Attendance was 50.  President Shirey adjourned the meeting at 9:50PM.

     Mostly Respectfully Submitted

     Back-up/Make-up Secretary,

     Nicholas B. Woodward

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1315th Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday March 24, 1999, Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:01 PM. The minutes were accepted as read. Three guests, Alicia Wilson, Ellen Herman and Mrs Diodato were introduced. Four new members were announced, Wormington, Oxboel, Janney and Appleman.  Jeff Williams announced the Assateague Shelf and Shore Workshop for April 16-17 in Lewes Delaware. Steve complimented the GSW members who participated in Science fair judging last weekend.

     E-an Zen presented a short communication on evaluating current rates of downcutting of the Potomac River. Flood gauge records and historical records since 1773 appear to be consistent with one another indicating that the Potomac's ability to move large rocks during regular flood events has remained significant throughout the historical period, including today.  Questions by Hammarstrom, Toulmin and Milton.

     The first presentation of the evening was by Dave Diodato of the USGS on "Frac2000:  a tool for numerical investigations of multiphase fluid flow and contaminant transport in fractured unsaturated rocks." Frac2000 includes a flow module, a transport module and a visualization module. It explicitly couples discrete fractures into the modeling grid system. A wide range of flow velocities can be handled, air injection and gas withdrawal can be modeled, and advective, advective-dispersive and phase partitioning transport are included. Examples were given of Frac2000 results for Yucca Mountain, Nevada, and a TCE remediation site. Questions by Roseboom, Jones, Ross, Neuzil and MacLaughlin.

     The second presentation was by Alan Linde, a lapsed geophysicist, from the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, on the Continuous evolution of the 1986 eruption of Miharayama (the volcano), Izu-Oshima, Japan. The team went out to monitor earthquakes, but instead discovered that their highly sensitive strainmeters were able to monitor dike formation and propagation of magma at depths of several kilometers. The Nanostrain sensitivity provided the potential to map progressive intrusions in real time with indications of fissure eruptions up to 2 hours before they occurred and flank eruptions up to 1 hour before they occurred. Questions by Neuzil, Sato, Robertson, Wright and Ross.

     The third presentation was by Louis Pribyl of the FDA and the Smithsonian on Biodiversity and Taphonomy of Fossil Insects from the Green River Formation, Piceance Basin, Colorado. The study has collected information at 6 sites and has identified 20 orders of insects across the basin. Insects disarticulate easily when trapped on active lake surfaces however so some sites may have up to 40% of the insect remains as "parts" rather than as individual insects. The insect bearing strata do not usually have fish preserved and are inferred to be mudflat or very shallow water environments, similar to where insects get trapped on lake shores today. The identification of insect types including flies, wasps, beetles, etc allow comparisons with climates where similar insect fauna are present today. Continuing taphonomic studies, as well as studies of plant remains at the same and adjacent sites, will build a more complete environmental picture of the Green River ecosystem. Questions by Sato (plus follow-up), Sellers, Huebner, Jones, Milton, and Wright.

     Attendance was 63. The meeting was adjourned at 10PM.

     Mostly Respectfully Recorded by Back-Up/Make-Up Secretary,

     Nicholas B. Woodward

     Read By Regular, Unfiltered Meeting Secretary, Hal Gluskoter

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1316th Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday April 7, 1999, Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     In the absence of President Shirey, First Vice president Jane Hammarstrom called the meeting to order at 8:01PM. The minutes of the 1315th meeting, which were graciously prepared by Nick Woodward because of dereliction of duty by the meeting Secretary, were approved as read. Two guests, Janet Crampton and Florence Katrivanos were introduced.

     Janet Crampton announced that Rockville Science Day would be April 25 on the Rockville campus of Montgomery College and invited our attendance and participation. Rick Diecchio requested that those who might be interested in teaching geology courses at George Mason University this Summer and beyond, contact him, soon.

     An informal communication by Jeff Grossman, archivist extraordinaire of the GSW, called our attention to a presentation made to the Society 25 years ago by the, then, Chief Geologist of the USGS, Richard Sheldon; it was a kinder, gentler, time when significant increases in appropriations were anticipated. Grossman read from the eloquent minutes that had been prepared by Secretary Doug Rankin, invoking feelings of wonderment and awe from the current secretary.

     The first formal presentation of the evening was “Understanding Paleoecological Preferences of Late Cretaceous Calcareous Nannofossils: Implications for Stratigraphy and Paleoceanography.”  By Jean Self-Trail. Due to the ease of preparation and their great abundance in marine sediments, calcareous nannofossils have become increasingly important to Mesozoic biostratigraphy and paleoceanography.  It has become apparent, however, that the biogeographic distribution of certain taxa is restricted by paleoenvironmental factors such as temperature, salinity, water depth, and nutrient influx. These factors determine the calcareous nannofossil assemblages and therefore control the biostratigraphic utility of certain taxa or genera, the names of which tripped from the tongue of the speaker as nimbly as a soliloquy from Shakespeare; a feat that may be difficult for others since Arkhangelskiella cymbiformis is not atypical.

     Questions by Joe Smoot, Christina Gallup, and Peter Stifel

     Eileen McLellan presented the second paper: “The Watershed Project” - A learning tool for environmental geology. This project involves students, who often describe themselves as “terrified of science’ in individual investigations of the geology, resource use and environmental concerns of their home watersheds and reinforces skills learned in the classroom. A second component of the project involves the students as researchers in a long-term study of the Paint Branch watershed on the University of Maryland campus. The project has led to increased student enthusiasm for environmental geology. This is likely due to the happy combination of a well designed course and the infectiousness of a enthusiastic instructor.

     Questions by Hammarstrom, Mack Ross, Bill Burton, Dan Chadwick, Janet Crampton, Ian Zen, Margaret Chauncey, Joe Smoot, Arthur Goldberg, who wanted to use the study as a sedimentological prospecting tool for golf balls, and Bill Burton, again.

     The final presentation of the evening by Robert A. Craddock was; “Evidence for Rainfall on Ancient Mars”. We began this century excited by the possibility that intelligent life existed on Mars. Oddly we leave this century in much the same way it began. Analyses of the Martian meteorites reveal putative evidence for life--microbial life. Results from the Pathfinder mission confirm the hypothesis that Mars had abundant liquid water on the surface at one time. However, the debate continues as to the nature of the early Martian climate. Perhaps some of these ideas can be tested with the upcoming missions, which may allow us to understand why life did or did not start on Mars. We might then address the question whether there is intelligent life on any other planet in our solar system.

     Questions by Bill Burton, David Wunch, Bill Burton, Mark McBride, and Bill Burton.

     Attendance was 68. Meeting adjourned by vice-president Hammarstrom at 9:45 p.m.

     Respectfully submitted

     Meeting Secretary

     Hal Gluskoter,

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1317th Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday April 21, 1999, Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:01 PM. The minutes of the 1316th meeting  were approved as read. Guests were introduced, including, Professor Christian Koeberl and Heinz Huber, of the University of Vienna: Zhenhua Ding of China, Zhongsheng Li of New Zealand,  Frank Bruce, and Jennifer Baldwin and Harry Baldwin.

     Hal Gluskoter announced a pending symposium in honor of Michel T. Halbouty and those who served as judges in local science fairs were thanked.

     An informal communication concerning the Lost Nation Pluton of the Upper Connecticut River Valley was presented by Doug Rankin. Rankin’s studies show that the Pluton is 442 +/- 4 Ma, not latest Silurian to Devonian as previously interpreted, and the western contact is not a fault, as earlier interpreted, so that the Piermont-Frontenac allochthon does not extend that far north, as previously interpreted. So there!

     The first formal presentation of the evening “Eggshells to Ashes: Climate Change in the Australian Outback” was by Marilyn Fogel of Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Carbon isotopes in contemporary and fossil emu egg shells vary in response to the diet of the flightless birds. Paleo-diet, paleo-vegetation and paleo climate can be inferred from the composition of the egg shells.  Changes in the type of plants, brought about by the burning practices of the first human colonizers, just over 50,000 years ago, may have caused the extinction of at least one Australian megafauna.  This is the reason that even, the most avid of birdwatchers in this body has never glimpsed the flightless bird Genyornis newtoni and must settle for sightings of the common emu, who was able to adapt and to gastronomically appreciate the grasses du jour - post flambe.

     Questions by Dallas Peck, Robin Brett (something about impact structures - surprised?), Dan Milton, President Shirey, Joe Smoot - with several follow ups, Christina Gallup who during the discussion admitted that she was or was not a casual dating person, Ian Zen, and Joe Smoot - again.

     The last presentation was by Larry Nittler of NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center and entitled, “Dishing the (presolar) dirt on exploding stars”.  Some meteorites contain tiny dust grains whose unusual isotopic compositions indicate they formed in the remnants of exploding stars (supernovae) and predate the solar system. These presolar supernova condensates include

diamond, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, graphite and aluminum oxide. The silicon, carbon and titanium isotopic compositions of the grains indicate significant and heterogeneous mixing of different zones within the supernova source. To the utter amazement of all present Nittler concluded that important puzzles remain; include the paucity of supernova oxides and whether the detailed isotopic compositions of the dust grains can be quantitatively explained by theoretical models. 

     Questions by Jamie Allen, President Shirey, Bevan French, Rich Walker, Richard Ash, Rhonda Stroud, and Moto Sato, Moto Sato, Moto Sato.

     The two presentations at the top and bottom of the evening’s program were as crisp, well formed, and satisfying to the intellect as the top and bottom wafers of an oreo cookie are to the palate.  However, the middle presentation was as ambrosial,  delectable, and, probably, artery clogging, as the sweet soft center of the oreo, and as true afficionados of oreos are want to do I will carefully separate the synopsis of it from the reminder of the tripartite sandwich so that it can be uniquely savored. This secretary must admit that of all the presentations he has attempted to summarize, this one was the most intelligible, comprehendible, and unambiguous.

     In his discussion, “Increase in Fossil Fuel Use in the 21st Century: So What are you going to do about it”, Hal Gluskoter of the U.S. Geological Survey elucidated that there are many people in the world and gobs more on the way; energy is good for people; there is a whole bunch of cheap, easy to mine coal in the world, especially in developing countries; coal oxidizes exothermically - producing energy; and unless something is done to perturb the trend, worldwide coal consumption will continue to increase for, at least, decades.

     Even though his presentation was absolutely pellucid, there were still questions from Dave Stewart, Mack Ross, Margo Kingston - who thinks that women should be educated, Ian Zen, Gene Robertson, Moto Sato, and Bob Neuman

     Attendance was 79. Meeting adjourned by President Shirey 9:56 p.m.

     Respectfully submitted

     September 8, 1999

     Meeting Secretary

     Hal Gluskoter,

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1318th Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday September 8, 1999, Warne Lounge, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:07PM. The minutes of the 1317th meeting  were approved as read, a commentary on the undiscriminatingness of those in attendance. Guests were introduced, including, Blessing Asuquo, Jason Kenworthy, and Claire Coine, of the University of Maryland; Dazhi Jiang, Also of the University of Maryland, and from whom we will hear later; Robin Petrusak, a petroleum geologist; and Tim Cohn, USGS.

     A moment of silence was observed in memory of Charles Masters, who passed away on August 19, 1999.

     Sean Solomon, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution Of Washington, spoke on “First Rock From the Sun: The Scientific rationale for a Mercury Orbiter Mission”. Mercury is a planet of many mysteries that evokes superlatives. The closest planet to the Sun, Mercury has the largest diurnal range in surface temperature yet has polar deposits thought to consist of water ice. It has the largest uncompressed density and, by inference, the greatest mass fraction of iron-nickel of any planet or satellite,  a compositional anomaly that is a critical clue, not yet deciphered, to the processes by which the inner planets formed. Mercury has a strong internal magnetic field and presumably a hydromagnetic dynamo in a fluid outer core, yet the        known portion of the surface has a density of impact craters indicating that geological activity largely ceased early in planetary history. To probe these, and other, mysteries, the NASA Discovery Program recently approved MESSENGER, a tortured acronym derived from “MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry and Ranging” mission to orbit Mercury for one Earth year after completing two flybys of that planet. That’s not an easy flyby and will take 5 years to effect.

     The first question was a gently lobbed softball from our President, Steve Shirey, to his boss. Other questions were from Richard Walker, Mike Brown, Gene Robertson and Jay Kaufman.

     The second presentation of the evening Noble metal recycling in subduction zones: Implications for the metallogenesis of porphyry-epithermal copper-gold deposits.”, was presented by David Lambert of The National Science Foundation and Monash University. Veined peridotite xenoliths from the mantle source region of the giant Ladolam Au deposit on Lihir Island, Papua New Guinea are 2 to 800 times more enriched in Cu, Au, Pt, and Pd than surrounding depleted arc mantle. Osmium and oxygen isotopic studies of these samples reveal that only a fraction of these elements was introduced by hydrous fluids emanating from subducted Cretaceous oceanic crust. Preferential partial melting of the metasomatic vein assemblages generated metallogenically fertile arc magmas, capable of producing magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits enriched in Au, Cu and Pd.  Gold ores from the Ladolam mine have osmium isotope compositions similar to the underlying subduction-modified mantle peridotite source region, indicating that the primary origin of the metals contained within the giant Ladolam Au deposit is the mantle - even though the mantle is relatively depleted in Au, Cu, and Pd.

     We would certainly be remiss if we did not acknowledge the geo-philosophical message found hidden in this talk; which is that there is probably some good in all of us, no matter how little, and the problem is bringing it to the surface.

     Questions from Dallas Peck, Moto Sato, Jim Luhr, and Steve Shirey.

     Mark McBride of  “Capital Environmental” spoke on “Legal Geology: What Does a Geologist Do in a Law Firm?” Capital Environmental is an affiliate firm (wholly owned) by the third largest law firm in Washington; Howrey and Simon.  Such "affiliate firms" are a hot idea in the legal field today. Clients like having one-stop shopping for a variety of needs requiring technical input in environmental litigation, real estate transactions, and insurance recovery. Much of this consulting concerns contamination of the environment and therefore hydrogeology. Geologists have few illusions about the simplicity of the world as it really is; which is an asset when dealing with messy real-world problems (an asset with no utility at all when it comes to raising teen age children). The tone of McBrides presentation suggested that the detective work involved would better suit a Hercule Poirot and his gray matter, than a Sam Spade type, even though Sam did get the girl.  McBride concluded by suggesting that alternative careers such as his be considered by geologists, with the caveat that we would have to learn to write first.

     Questions by Moto Sato, David Applegate, President Shirey, Jamie Allen, and David Mitchell.

     Attendance was 70. Meeting adjourned by President Shirey 9:42 p.m.

     Respectfully submitted

     September 22, 1999

     Meeting Secretary

     Hal Gluskoter

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1319th Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday September 22, 1999, Warne Lounge, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:04PM. The minutes of the 1318th meeting  were approved as read. Guests were introduced, but in a act that borders on dereliction of duty, the meeting secretary did not record the mumbled names of those introduced.  We may want to begin thinking about his replacement.

     Washington Post columnist, Bill Burton announced a forthcoming GSW field trip to Old Rag (Blue Ridge in Shenandoah National Park) that will be led by Paul Hackley on November 13, 1999.

     An informal communication was presented by Cy Galvin and this informal communication had a co-author, Julia Nord..  He has identified a failed attempt at manufacturing millstones from the Occoquan granite in Southern Fairfax County.  The partially excavated millstones are in the bed of South Run Creek, approximately 190 feet from junction with Pohick Run. The block containing the proto millstones was probably quarried 470 feet to the northwest of their resting place between 1860 to 1880.  Cy realized that there was something exceptional about this site as he scaled the razor wire topped fence to access the exposure. It is on the grounds of the District of Columbia’s soon to be abandoned Lorton Reformatory.

     Adriana Ocampo of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory,  presented the first talk of the evening “The Chicxulub impact crater and the K/T mass extinction” Two sites in Belize have been identified as containing ejecta from the collision that created the Chicxulub crater on the northern coast of Yucatan and brought to a close the Cretaceous Period, the Mesozoic Era, and the existence of 75 percent of the animal species on earth. The two sites, 360 km and 500 km from the impact are characterized by ejecta blankets of diamictite, huge lapilli, shocked quartz, and a piece of dolomite that has been interpreted to have been rudely blasted from its Caribbean resting place, found itself 100 km above the earth and then suffering the effects of reentered the atmosphere before falling to rest 500 km to the south of its place of genesis.  The fluidized ejecta lobes from Chicxulub are possible models for ejecta lobes surrounding many Martian craters. We had to say that: Ocampo is employed by NASA.

     Questions by ace reporter Bill Burton, Moto Sato, and Jeff Grossman.

     The second paper “ Geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide: An energy perspective.” was presented by Robert Burruss of the U.S. Geological Survey. 

     Reducing atmospheric emissions by storing carbon dioxide in oil and gas reservoirs, deep saline aquifers, deep oceans, unmineable coal beds, or as solid carbonate or carbon are geologic sequestration options. Other solutions to the problem are enhanced energy efficiency, changing energy mix, and non-fossil energy sources. Storage of all CO2 from U.S. coal-fired powerplants would eliminate 34% of U.S. fossil fuel emissions, slightly more that the target of the Kyoto Protocol. This would not be easily accomplished. This amount of carbon dioxide is equal to about 1.9 times U.S. annual natural gas production. Therefore, the gas processing, compression, transport, and injection systems needed for CO2 sequestration would be almost 2 times the present size of the US natural gas industry. An alternative, changing the energy mix by replacing all coal combustion with natural gas would requires doubling U.S. production or increasing natural gas imports by a factor of 10.

     Questions by Chris Neuzil, E-an Zen, newspaper science writer Bill Burton, Moto Sato, George Helz, who’s chutzpadik question appeared to suggest that we could avoid all CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion if we built nuclear powerplants, Jeff Grossman, and President Shirey.

     Dazhi Jiang of the University of Maryland presented a discussion “Progress in the understanding of natural shear zones”.  A common feature of natural deformation are shear zones that range in scale from shear bands visible microscopically to the scale of an orogenic belt. The current paradigm with which structures observed within shear zones are interpreted is a monoclinic shear zone model. Such a model fails to explain many current observations. A triclinic deformation path has been recognized and that results in a model that better fits the real world.  This study puts another nick in William of Ockhams Razor; sometimes the world gets complicated. Perhaps the church was right in accusing him of heresy (Ockham, not Jiang).

     Questions by President Shirey, and special correspondent to the Post Bill Burton.

     Attendance was 65 Meeting adjourned by President Shirey 9:51 p.m.

     Respectfully submitted

     October 13, 1999

     Meeting Secretary

     Hal Gluskoter,

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1320th Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday October 13, 1999, John Wesley Powell Auditorium (recently renovated and resplendent with faux rock - of some kind- columns and baseboards).

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:03PM. The minutes of the 1319th meeting  were approved as read. Guests were introduced,, including James Scott, a post doc at the Geophysical Lab, Masahito Ohta, of Wasada University in Tokyo, Daniele Gaspard, University of Paris, Tyr Scherer, University of Maryland, and Steve Richardson, University of Capetown.

     Three new members were announced; Sonia Esperanca, NSF; William E. Brooks, Consultant, Reston; and David L. Cook, University of Maryland, who was actually present when his membership was announced and helped to set a record, this being the second such occasion in a year. Don’t you hate it when things novel become ordinary?

     Bill Burton announced that the Fall 1999 Field Trip will take place Saturday, November 13, 1999 to Old Rag Mountain, Virginia to be led by Paul Hackley, University of Maryland.

     The first paper of the evening, “ Age and metasomatism of the continental mantle lithosphere underlying the Canadian Cordillera: constraints from Re - Os isotopes.” was presented by Anne Peslier, Smithsonian Institution. Osmium isotopes provide evidence for different geneses (it is so rare that I ever get to use the plural of genesis) for lherzolite and harzburgite xenoliths of the Canadian Cordillera, a continental setting well off the craton. 187Os/188 Os - Lu (as proxy for Rhenium, of course) correlation is used to calculate a 1.1 Ga age for the lithospheric mantle throughout the Canadian Cordillera, appreciably  older than the 0.5 Ga for the crustal terranes in the region. Os isotopes determined in  peridotites from post-archean continental regions show that the off-cratonic mantle lithosphere may be formed by ancient melting (as in the lherzolites), followed by recent metasomatism (as in the harzburgites).

     Questions came at a hot and heave pace from Brooks Hanson, Steve Shirey (2), Natalie Marchedon, John Slack, and Ian Zen.  The secretary lost count of the number of questions as decorum collapsed and the discussion degenerated into several side conversations.

     Suzanne Nicholson, USGS, spoke on “ Precambrian LIPS and mantle plumage: An intact example of a large igneous province in the US mid continent.”  LIPS (large igneous provinces) are enormous accumulations of dominantly mafic extrusive and intrusive magmas.  Mantle plumes are considered to be the origin for many of these. The 1.1 Ga Midcontinent rift system in the U.S. Midcontinent has structural, compositional, and geochemical characteristics which are similar to those associated with younger continental flood basalt provinces.  This rift system is one of the first continental flood basalt provinces attributed to a mantle plume.

     You may have noted how exciting a time it was 1.1 billion years ago, if you were a mantle. Both Peslier, the first speaker and Nicholson reported the 1.1 Ga age for pieces of lithospheric mantle in Canada, and mantle progeny in the Midwest.

     Questions by John Slack (2), Moto Sato, Bill Burton (2), and comments by president Shirey.

     The final presentation of the evening was “Measuring wind-driven surface water flow in the Everglades and in the laboratory: Four fans and a whole lot of plywood.” by Harry Jenter and Michael Duff, and was presented by Jenter.  A project to study the effect of wind on water movement in the Everglades wetlands and bordering sub-tidal embayments has provided key information to those modeling surface water flow in the area. As part of the study, a series of experiments using an enclosed wind cowling constructed on top of the indoor flume at Stennis Space Center has looked at vegetative effects. The enclosed flume is the cite of the four fans and the plywood of the title. Wind can substantially alter the flow of surface water through saw grass and needs to be included in the models. Jenter did enlighten us to the fact that there is a greater effect when the wind blows in the downstream direction than when it blows upstream.

     Questions by Moto Sato, Cy Galvin, Joe Smoot, Dallas Peck, E-an Zen, Martha Hayes, Chris Neuzil, Gene Robertson, and Bob Schneider.

     Attendance was 79.  Meeting adjourned by President Shirey 9:56 p.m.

     Respectfully submitted

     November 10, 1999

     Meeting Secretary

     Hal Gluskoter,

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1321st Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday November 10, 1999, John Wesley Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:03PM. The minutes of the 1320th  meeting  were approved as read.  Uwe Weichert, of the Swiss Federal Institute of technology (ETH), Zurich was the only guest introduced, apparently the only one without agoraphobia.

     The slate of officers for the first year of the new millennium or the last year of the current millennium, take your pick, proposed by the nominating committee and approved by a majority vote of the Council on November 3, 1999 is as follows:

President*: Jane Hammarstrom, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston

1st Vice President (2000) & President-Elect (2001): Peter Lyttle, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston

2nd Vice-President: J. Alexander Speer, Mineralogical Society of America

Treasurer*: Judy Ehlen, U.S. Army Topo. Eng. Center

Meeting Secretary: Mark McBride, Capital Environmental

Council Secretary*: Hal Gluskoter, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston

New Councilors (2000-2001):

        Martha Hayes, U.S. Geological Survey, Baltimore

        Steve Huebner, independent

        Suzanne Weedman, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston

Continuing Councilors* (1999-2000):

        Jay Kaufman, Univ. of Maryland

        Ted Maxwell, Natl. Air & Space Museum

        Chris Neuzil, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston

Note: * denotes officers and councilors carrying over from 1999.

     The first paper of the evening, “A Fractured Fairy Tale: Structural Hydrogeology of Sweden’s Hard Rock Laboratory” was presented by Cliff Voss of the U.S. Geological Survey. Despite intensive surface and borehole investigations in heterogeneous fractured hard-rock, a less than precise description of subsurface structures that conduct fluid may result, as was demonstrated in a study at the Aspo Hard Rock Laboratory, Sweden. A model created from abundant surface data was checked in tunnels following excavation.  The second model was constructed from more than 25,000 observations made along 3.6 km of the excavated tunnels. In a region as structurally  complex as the Aspo HRL, surface based models provide some useful information, but they must be refined significantly on the basis of the underground truth. If the GSW were to give an award for the most elegant, and esthetically pleasing,, computer representations of fractures and flows, Voss’s visuals would win hands down. If you are into brilliantly colored modern art his stuff is good!

     Questions by Dave Stewart, who wanted to know just what it would take to disqualify the area for nuclear waste disposal; Cy Galvin, with follow ups, Mark McBride, Lennie Konikow, Raymond Wright, Pierre Glynn, Bill Burton, and Dave Stewart, who wanted to know just what it would take to disqualify the area for nuclear waste disposal.  There are two possible reasons for the repetition of Stewart’s question: one, he might have been slightly frustrated by the less than candid response to the question the first time, and two, – I seem to have forgotten - a senior moment perhaps?

     The second presentation, related geographically to the first, was “Geofantasy, The Potential for Deep Penetration of Oxygenated Waters into the Fennoscandian Shield and Consequences for Disposal of High-Level Radwaste” was given by Pierre Glynn of the U.S. Geological Survey. The presence of high concentrations of dissolved oxygen in glacial meltwater may be a source of concern in the performance of high-level radioactive waste repositories such as those planned in Sweden.  Oxidizing ground waters could impair the stability (read, rust out) of waste canisters and would increase the potential solubility of many radionuclides (U, Pu, Tc, Np) by several orders of magnitude. The waters that can be expected from the melting glaciers during the next 120,000 years has been addressed in a series of models. Models and field evidence suggest that oxygenated waters may reach repository depth in 100's to 1000's of years.

     A lesson to be learned from our hydrogeologist colleagues, in addition to how one should model, is that the models should project thousands to hundred’s of thousand’s of years into the future - not much danger of being proved wrong there.

     Questions by, Jamie Allen, Cy Galvin: a comment by Cliff Voss, additional questions by Bill Burton, and Brooks Hanson.

     The final presentation of the evening was “Physico-chemical Conditions of Formation of the Gualilan Au-bearing Zn Skarn Deposit, San Juan, Argentina.” and was presented by M Amelia Logan, Smithsonian Institution.

     The Gualilán Au-rich distal Zn skarn, located in San Juan, Argentina, resulted from the interaction of hydrothermal fluids associated with Middle Miocene calc-alkaline magmatism in a tectonic environment of transitional post-subduction in the Tertiary back-arc basin of the Precordillera thrust-belt. The skarn is structurally and lithologically controlled and selectively replaced a cherty unit in Ordovician limestones. Mineralization occurred in three main stages, which alternated with faulting:  (I) prograde skarn, (II) retrograde alteration of the skarn and (III) lead-rich veins.

     Questions from Tom Dutro and Jamie Allen.

     Attendance was 85.  Meeting adjourned by President Shirey 9:59p.m.

     Respectfully submitted

     December 8,  1999                                     

     Meeting Secretary

     Hal Gluskoter

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 1322nd Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday December 8, 1999, John Wesley Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 8:09 PM. The minutes of the 1321st  meeting  were approved as read.

     Inasmuch as this meeting was the last of the calendar year and the last for the program and administrative year for the Geological Society of Washington, the “Presidential Address” comprised the program: a venerable tradition of the Society.

     President Steve Shirey, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, presented an address entitled “New Perspectives on Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle Evolution from Mantle Eclogites and Eclogitic Sulfide Inclusions in Diamonds.”

     President Shirey had, during his tenure in office, worked industriously, stealthily, and effectively to educate the GSW membership in the efficacy of Rhenium/Osmium isotopes in the investigation of mantle derived materials. His method was to subtly influence the Program Committee to liberally infuse the 1999 GSW programs with presentations of such an ilk, so that, when it became time for delivery of his presidential address he would have an audience primed for his valedictory.

     Eclogites make up a small fraction of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, but they are important diamond hosts and carry unique information about cratonic evolution. If they are not exactly a window on the soul of the earth, they are at least tools in interpreting how an Archean continent was created, and are found in African kimberlites such as the Roberts Victor kimberlite of South Africa.  The Os concentration, MgO content, δ18O range, Re/Os, and Os/Os ranges are interpreted to support a model whereby the Roberts Victor eclogites formed by recycling of picritic oceanic crust shortly following the stabilization of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle, about 3 to 3.4 Ga.

     Perfectly good diamonds (at least crack free) from the Orapa kimberlite, in the Kaapvaal craton Botswana, were broken apart in order to remove syngenetic sulfide inclusions for, surprise, Re-Os isotopic studies. The Re-Os identified two groups of sulfides, one with a 2900 Ma age and the other with a 990 Ma age. The older age is the first firm Archean age for eclogitic diamonds. There were two episodes of diamond growth, separated by 2 billion years and related to eclogite emplacement on the Kaapvaal craton.

     The striking similarity of eclogitic sulfide inclusions from the Orapa kimberlite with those from the Koffiefontein kimberlite, 800 km to the south suggest that synchronous eclogite emplacement into the cratonic lithosphere may be more widespread than previously thought.

     As is the custom concerning Presidential Addresses, questions were not taken from the floor. The meeting was adjourned at 8:52 p.m. to allow for liquid refreshment prior to convening the annual meeting of the Society.

     Attendance was 78.

     Respectfully submitted,

     January 12, 2000    

     Meeting Secretary

     Hal Gluskoter

 

Geological Society of Washington

Minutes of the 107th Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of Washington, Wednesday December 8, 1999, John Wesley Powell Auditorium, Cosmos Club.

     President Shirey called the meeting to order at 9:15 PM.

Nick Woodward, Council Secretary, read the minutes of the 106th Annual Meeting. They were approved as read.

     The 1999 Annual Report of the Meetings Secretary was presented by Hal Gluskoter. The 36 talks presented during the calendar year spanned a wide range of topics and subdivisions of the geosciences, with hardrock and mineral papers only slightly more prevalent (9) than groundwater and hydrology talks (7).

     The Council Secretary’s report was presented by Nick Woodward.  Major actions of the Council were to raise dues and to recognize the future financial difficulties that will result from ever increasing costs of the meetings at the Cosmos Club.

     Judy Ehlen presented the Treasurers report.  She projects that the General Fund balance will decline to less than $3000 by the end of 2002, if dues remain constant and the proposed increases in charges for the Cosmos Club are imposed.  Judy was not completely happy with the manner in which her overhead visuals were being projected and chided Ian Zen, the projectionist, about it.

     The Auditing Committee report was presented by Dallas Peck, who informed the Society that all was in order with the financial records.

     The report of the Membership Committee was given by Leslie, a k a Jingle, Ruppert. There were 18 new members in 1999 and a loss of 9. Total membership stands at 497.

     The awards for the best informal communication and the best paper for 1999 were presented by Suzanne Weedman.  The Great Dane Award for the best informal communication went to Ian Zen for his short communication on evaluating current rates of down cutting of the Potomac River (current rates - get it?).

     The Bradley prize for the best paper of the year went to Joe Smoot for his presentation “Sedimentary record of the 1812 earthquake and tsunami, Owens lake California”.  A second place, which carries no monetary award nor does one get their name on a silver bowl, was given to Sean Solomon for his presentation of “First rock from the sun: The scientific rationale for a Mercury orbiter mission.”

     The Sleeping Bear Award was presented by Tom Dutro, who was able to find humor in much of what transpired during the year.  He did not, however identify anything that was knee-slapping and, at the same time, spontaneous.  He therefore awarded the Sleeping Bear to Hal Gluskoter for some lame attempts at humor that appeared in the meeting minutes. He probably felt that Gluskoter could be trusted to not abuse, too much, the cuddly figure representing the auspicious award.

     The following slate of officers and councilors was presented to the Society by Roz Helz, chair of the Nominating Committee.  The slate was approved by acclamation and the following were duly elected to serve for the year 2000.

vote of the Council on November 3, 1999 is as follows:

President*: Jane Hammarstrom, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston

1st Vice President (2000) & President-Elect (2001): Peter Lyttle, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston

2nd Vice-President: J. Alexander Speer, Mineralogical Society of America

Treasurer*: Judy Ehlen, U.S. Army Topo. Eng. Center

Meeting Secretary: Mark McBride, Capital Environmental

Council Secretary*: Hal Gluskoter, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston

New Councilors (2000-2001):

        Martha Hayes, U.S. Geological Survey, Baltimore

        Steve Huebner, independent

        Suzanne Weedman, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston

Continuing Councilors* (1999-2000):

        Jay Kaufman, Univ. of Maryland

        Ted Maxwell, Natl. Air & Space Museum

        Chris Neuzil, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston

Note: * denotes officers and councilors carrying over from 1999.

     President Shirey announced that Bob Burruss, USGS, will serve as program chair for the coming year.  He then passed the gavel to the incoming President, Jane Hammarstrom, who thanked him for his service during the past year.

     Attendance was 75

     Respectfully submitted,

     December 13, 2000

     Council Secretary

     Hal Gluskoter